Chapter 2 an introduction to t he owl web ontology language jeff heflin lehigh university abstract. We then revise and refine the evolving ontology and fill in the details. The one that currently gets the most attention is probably the web ontology language owl. Ontology learning for the semantic web computer science. Chapter 2 an introduction to the owl web ontology language. Ontologies introduction to ontologies and semantic web. Ontology modeling using web ontology language owl by philip tan eik yeow submitted to the sma office on may 17, 2004 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in computer science abstract the context interchange strategy is a novel approach in solving heterogeneous data source. The content of an ontology consists of the propositions involving concepts in the ontology. This submission contains a proposal for a web services description language, the web ontology language for services owl s, which builds on semantic web technology developed at w3c. This language was proposed by the w3c and was designed for publishing, sharing data and automating data understood by computers using ontologies.
The owl web ontology language is a new formal language for representing ontologies in the semantic web. The w3c web ontology language owl is a semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. The aim of this chapter is to present the web ontology language owl which can be used to develop semantic web applications that understand information and data on the web. Along the way, we discuss the modeling decisions that a designer needs to make, as well as the pros, cons, and implications of different solutions.
Ontology learning for the semantic web alexander maedche and steffen staab, university of karlsruhe the semantic web relies heavily on formal ontologies to structure data for comprehensive and transportable machine understanding. No distinction between language constructors and ontology vocabulary, so constructors can be applied to themselves each other. The school of computer science at the university of manchester are pleased to invite you to participate in their internationally renowned owl ontology. An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology language. But not merely do we use our senses and memory thus to accumulate an unassorted stock of informations about isolated facts. Pdf introduction to web ontology language owl requirements for ontology languages three species of owl syntactic forms of owl. Owl is a computational logicbased language such that knowledge expressed in owl can be exploited by computer programs, e. Linguistics, psychology, and the ontology of language. The web ontology language owl is a w3c standard for specifying semantic information in a machine readable way.
Propositions can be equivalent without being identical. Owl is an ontology language designed for the semantic. Chapter 4 focuses on building an owldl ontology and using a description logic reasoner to check the consistency of the ontology and automatically compute the ontology class hierarchy. The ontology of language explores how semantic issues can be addressed in a way that minimizes the ontological commitments of the resulting semantics. Owl comes with a larger vocabulary and stronger syntax than rdf. The web ontology language owl extends rdf and rdfs. By using this tool, wornet and xslt transformations, we propose a general procedure to construct domain ontology for any natural language. It distinguishes between the semantic differences among others of. Introduction to semantic web ontology languages department of. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology engineering. It provides a rich collection of operators for forming concept descriptions. This document is also available in these nonnormative formats.
The ontology of language conclusion language depends on many nonlinguistic cognitive, sensory, and motor functions, as well as many highlyspecialized languagespecific functions language is therefore not a monolithic entity, but is composed of a network of interacting sub. Web ontology language owl world wide web consortium. Odyruv since 2009 there is a second version of owl, dubbed owl 2, which supersedes the previous owl 1 in. Introduction to ontologies and semantic web tutorial ontologies ontologies and semantic web. To reach the visionary goal of a semantic web, the w3c must develop a web ontology language. Using web tools for constructing an ontology of different. Owl also shares many characteristics with rdf, the w3c base of the semantic web. Patelschneider,2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester oxford road, manchester m 9pl, uk email. In order to extend the limited expressiveness of rdf schema, a more expressive web ontology language owl has been defined by the world wide web consortium w3c. Owl web ontology language owl is an ontology language standard for web applications of ontologies the semantic web. Philosophical ontology ontology as a branch of philosophy is the science of what.
This paper contributes an argumentation line for how technological features of ontologies lead to benefits for enterprise applications. Introduction to implementing ontologies in the web ontology language owl may 26, 2014 by nico matentzoglu. Ontology languages, semantic web, transparent intentional logic til, hierarchy of types, concepts, structured meanings, xml linking language xlink, resource description framework schema, rdf. A common feature in ontology languages is the ability to extend preexisting ontologies. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology. Ontologia del lenguaje spanish edition echeverria, rafael on. Get an overview of this farsighted concept and contemplate the various use cases that make this.
More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how they are related, by defining a set of concepts and. There are a number of such languages for ontologies, both proprietory and standardbased such as. Although many features are also available in precursory or alternative technologies, we claim that combinations of specific features are uniquely provided by ontologies. Pdf owl web ontology languageoverview researchgate. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains. We describe an iterative approach to ontology development. Web ontology language requirements desirable features identified for web ontology language. International conference on formal ontology and information systems, turin, 46 november 2004 beyond concepts.
Protege is considered as one of the best tools for ontology engineering in the entire world, which also enables us to export ontologies in various other language formats like resource description framework rdf schema 20, and web ontology language owl 21, 22. Ontologies and the semantic web school of informatics. An ontology language is a formal language used to encode the ontology. We request the submission be known as the owls submission. Web ontology language owl semantics for example, we can state in our ontology. Linguistics, psychology, and the ontology of language noam chomskys wellknown claim that linguistics is a branch of cognitive psychology chomsky 1972, 1 has generated a great deal of dissentnot from linguists or psychologists, but from philosophers. Unfortunately, not everything from rdf can be expressed in dl. Abstract the owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning. Thus, the proliferation of ontologies factors largely in the semantic webs success. The w3c owl 2 web ontology language owl is a semantic web. Patelschneider,2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester. This article is concerned with the ontology of a certain class of social entities and the role of language in the creation and maintenance of such entities. Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description logic based.
Formal specification is required in order to be able to process ontologies and operate on ontologies automatically. Introduction the owl web ontology language is an international standard for encoding and exchanging ontologies and is designed to support the semantic web. Aug 20, 2003 to reach the visionary goal of a semantic web, the w3c must develop a web ontology language. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Tutorial by costello and jacobs of mitre funded by darpa. Owl 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as semantic web. Ontology is about the exact description of things and their relationships. Representing information using the web ontology language. In this respect, it is more expressive than xml, rdf or rdfs by providing additional vocabulary along with formal semantics. Its primary aim is to bring the expressive and reasoning power of description logic to the semantic web. Owl has features from several families of representation languages, including primarily description logics and frames. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans the owl ontology describe the hierarchical organization of ideas in a domain, in a way that can be parsed and understood by software.
Extensible open source environment protege is based on java, is extensible, and provides a plugandplay environment that makes it a flexible base for rapid prototyping and application development. Owl 2 language is a new version, it is a w3c recommendation since october 2009. In computer science and information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and entities that substantiate one, many or all domains of discourse. The concept of the semantic web is that information should be given. Owl and rdf are much of the same thing, but owl is a stronger language with greater machine interpretability than rdf.
The web ontology language owl owl 2, 2012 is one of the most important ontology languages. In order to extend the limited expressiveness of rdf schema, a more expressive web ontology language owl has been defined by the world wide web. The owl web ontology language is designed for use by applications that need. The making of a web ontology language ian horrocks,1 peter f. A practical guide to building owl ontologies using the prot. The ontology itself is described in a simple xml format, which will be replaced by owl. Web ontology language owl introduction to ontologies and. Protege fully supports the latest owl 2 web ontology language and rdf specifications from the world wide web consortium. Ontology languages for the semantic web ontology languages. An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, mcguinness and others published owl web ontology languageoverview find, read and cite all the research you need on.
We request the submission be known as the owl s submission. University of dublin trinity college introduction to web ontology language owl owen. Lack of methodology or standards for ontology development, configuration management, registry support for web services or other applications. Introduction to semantic web ontology languages 5 maher is an instance of the professor class, then in any possible situation it is necessarily true that michael maher is an academic sta. In computer science and artificial intelligence, ontology languages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf.
I also include such facts as the fact that george bush is president of the united states. Jul 11, 2007 the ontology itself is described in a simple xml format, which will be replaced by owl. However, owl is used in webindependent applications as well. A practical guide to building owl ontologies using the. It is therefore not possible to perform automated reasoning on owlfull ontologies. Thus, users can customize ontologies to include domain specific information while retaining the interoperability benefits of sharing terminology where possible. Chapter 6 describes some owl constructs such as hasvalue restrictions and. Owl 2 web ontology language primer world wide web consortium. In this chapter we analyse the limitations of rdf schema and derive requirements for a richer web ontology language. The content of an ontology consists of the propositions involving concepts in the ontology that are entailed by the constituent propositions of the ontology. Owl is an ontology language standard for web applications of ontologies the semantic web.
Owl 1 language is a w3c recommendation since february 2004. Propositions and ontologies are objects, things we can talk about. In a traditional relational database, concepts can be stored using tables, but the system does not contain any information about what the concepts mean and how they relate to each other. Current standards include languages such as the web ontology language owl and the resource description language rdf. The book works within a version of property theory stemming from a combination of the lambda calculus with aczels frege structuresa combination originally developed by raymond turner. Representing information using the web ontology language lacy, lee w. The w3c web ontology language owl is playing an important role in an increasing number and range of applications, and is the focus of research into tools, reasoning techniques, formal foundations and language extensions. Semantic web aims to make web content more accessible to automated processes adds semantic annotations to web resources ontologies provide vocabulary for annotations terms have well defined meaning owl ontology language based on description logic exploits results of basic research on complexity, reasoning, etc. Extends existing web standards such as xml, rdf, rdfs easy to understand and use should be based on familiar kr idioms formally specified of adequate expressive power possible to provide automated reasoning support from. A resource is a uri representing a class of objects a document, a picture, a paragraph on the web.
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